Jan 1, 2023 · Organic solid wastes (OSWs) refer to any solid waste that is biodegradable and contained a limited amount of moisture (80-85%) [1, 2].The typical OSWs were lignocellulose materials (e.g., yard trimming, crop residue, and wood residues), livestock manure, municipal organic wastes, sewage sludge, and organic by-products from various industrials, such as food processing, paper manufacturing, and